Mechanical Engineering
 |
AVN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY |
| Occupation | |
|---|---|
| Names | Mechanical Engineer |
Activity sectors
| applied mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, electricity, production technology |
| Description | |
| Competencies | technical knowledge, management skills, design |
Education required
| See professional Requirementsbelow |
Fields of
employment | technology, science, exploration, military |
Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering disciplines.
The mechanical engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. In addition to these core principles, mechanical engineers use tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), and product life cycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others. It is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of machinery.
History:
Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. In the 19th century, developments in physics led to the development of mechanical engineering science. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements; today mechanical engineers are pursuing developments in such areas as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. It also overlaps with aerospace engineering, metallurgical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, manufacturing engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, and other engineering disciplines to varying amounts. Mechanical engineers may also work in the field of biomedical engineering, specifically with biomechanics, transport phenomena, biomechatronics, bionanotechnology, and modeling of biological systems.The application of mechanical engineering can be seen in the archives of various ancient and medieval societies. In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287–212 BC) influenced mechanics in the Western tradition and Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) created the first steam engine (Aeolipile). In China, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200–265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears. The medieval Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song (1020–1101 AD) incorporated an escapement mechanism into his astronomical clock tower two centuries before escapement devices were found in medieval European clocks. He also invented the world's first known endless power-transmitting chain drive.
During the Islamic Golden Age (7th to 15th century), Muslim inventors made remarkable contributions in the field of mechanical technology. Al-Jazari, who was one of them, wrote his famous Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206 and presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as the crankshaft and camshaft.
During the 17th century, important breakthroughs in the foundations of mechanical engineering occurred in England. Sir Isaac Newtonformulated Newton's Laws of Motion and developed Calculus, the mathematical basis of physics. Newton was reluctant to publish his works for years, but he was finally persuaded to do so by his colleagues, such as Sir Edmond Halley, much to the benefit of all mankind. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is also credited with creating Calculus during this time period.
During the early 19th century industrial revolution, machine tools were developed in England, Germany, and Scotland. This allowed mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering. They brought with them manufacturing machines and the engines to power them. The first British professional society of mechanical engineers was formed in 1847 Institution of Mechanical Engineers, thirty years after the civil engineers formed the first such professional society Institution of Civil Engineers. On the European continent, Johann von Zimmermann (1820–1901) founded the first factory for grinding machines in Chemnitz, Germany in 1848.
In the United States, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was formed in 1880, becoming the third such professional engineering society, after the American Society of Civil Engineers (1852) and the American Institute of Mining Engineers (1871). The first schools in the United States to offer an engineering education were the United States Military Academy in 1817, an institution now known as Norwich University in 1819, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825. Education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science.
ABSTRACT
In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its de-pletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Fuel cells vehicles, Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission ve-hicles can be bridged by tri-brid technology. Tri-brid ve-hicles are those which can run on three power-ing sources/fuels. Feasibility of this technology is been proved in four wheelers and automobile giants like Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai have launched successful vehicles like Toyota prius, Honda insight etc.
This technology maximizes the advantages of the three fuels and minimizes the disadvantages of the same. The best preferred tri-brid fuels are compressed air, electric and fossil fuel. This increases the mileage of the vehicle twice the ex-isting and also reduces the emission to half. At present, we like to explore the tri-brid technology in the two wheeler sector and its feasibility on road. This paper deals with an attempt to make a tri-brid vehicle with compressed air, electric start and petrol run. Further a design of basic tri-brid elements like motor, battery, compressed air and engine. As on today, tri-brid products are one of the best solutions for all pollution hazards at a fairly nominal price.An investment within the means of a common man that guarantees a better environment to live in.
Chart 1. Types of Heat Engines
INTRODUCTION TO TRI-BRID VEHICLE
Since the last two decades the judiciary and policy makers all over the world are deeply concerned about the urgent need for protection of the environment, ecology and humanity at large, there has been a steep rise in the accumulation of greenhouse gases particularly
CO2, which effect global changes in weather. Motor vehicle contribute about 14% of CO2from all sources besides, pollution due to both petrol and diesel engine driven vehicles caused by the emission of CO, no unburnt hydrocarbons, particulate and oxides of tetra ethyl, Lead are injury to health and environment.
Regulations on exhaust emission from vehicle engines have been made progressively more and more stipend towards the year 2000 and beyond, Vehicle manufactures have been hence obliged to meet these standards by designing cleaner and fuel efficiently engines and through provision for treatment of exhaust gases to satisfy the specified limits. So to satisfy and overcome these two problems namely.
•Pollution and
•Efficiency
THE PROJECT
The project entitled “Tri-Brid vehicle”, mainly concentrated on designing , drafting, fabrication of a vehicle that runs on the energies of petrol, battery, compressed air. The vehicle consist of a air cylinder which stores compressed air at certain pressure that is required to drive the piston in the reciprocating motion. The power is then transmitted to the rear wheel with the help of chain drive connected to the sprocket of rear wheel and shaft of the motor.
The vehicle is basically rear wheel driven and the direction is guided using the handle employed at the front wheel and the braking system is provided with a drum brake at the rear wheel.
The compressed is sent into the engine with help of the nozzle pipes connected at the inlet and the energy in the compressed air drives is the piston in reciprocating motion. The reciprocating of the piston is converted into rotational motion by the help of the crankshaft.
The chassis is designed in such a way that it is optimal for a two wheeler and designed for a concept that driving a single wheel is easier than driving two wheels. The whole vehicle has comparatively low kerb weight than the regular automobile vehicles because of the metal than has been used in fabricating the chassis.
The lubricating is similar to that of an engine by inducing gear oil that reduces friction between the piston and cylinder and enables smooth run of the engine.
The project employs an air cylinder which acts as the prime centre of providing the source of power for whole system. The air inside the cylinder is passed into the engine with help of the pipes that operates on open and close of the valve provided at the driver.
This cylinder when runs out of air, can run it with petrol and later can run on battery also until u refill the compressed air tank with the compressed air.
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